Tornado Dangers and Quick Safety Tips

Perhaps one of the most feared weather anomalies is the tornado. The unpredictability of a tornado produces terror in many families. Some people are so afraid they develop a phobia called lilapsophobia. A large part of this fear stems from the fact that tornadoes can develop with little warning and are extremely violent.   Tornadoes Cause Damage in Three Ways Strong Winds:  The strong winds of a tornado can rip just about anything off of the ground including trees, vehicles, and even houses. The winds inside of tornadoes travel at over 310 miles per hour. Even weak tornadoes can pull shingles and siding off of houses.Debris:  The second damaging effect of tornadoes is actually from the debris that the storm picks up. People have been buried alive by houses or mud picked up and then dropped by a tornado. Smaller objects become damaging projectiles when thrown by tornadoes. One tornado took a child’s bicycle and wrapped it around a tree!Hail and Lightning:  It is not only the wind that causes damage in a tornado, but also the hail and lightning that the storm produces. Large hailstones can damage cars and injure people, and lighting can cause fires and electrical problems. The Environment Suffers From Tornadoes Tornadoes produce devastating effects on the environment. They can uproot trees, cause mass migrations of animals, and destroy the habitats of local wildlife. Family Safety During a Tornado If there is a tornado approaching, what safety measures should you take? First, it is important to realize that there is no specific way to know if a storm is going to produce a tornado. Meteorologists have developed warning systems that tell them if a storm is capable of producing a tornado.   During severe weather, have a weather radio on.  They are relatively inexpensive and could save your life. If you hear the announcer say there is a tornado watch, that means the conditions are correct for forming a tornado. A tornado warning means a tornado has been spotted. If you hear a tornado warning, you may be in danger! If You Hear a Tornado Warning... First, find shelter in the lowest possible place, such as a basement. If your home does not have a basement, go to the innermost room. Stay clear of windows or anything heavy like furniture or appliances. A bathroom is a good location. Take your battery-powered weather radio to your shelter and turn it on. Kneel on the floor and cover your head with your hands. This is the best position to be in to avoid damage during a tornado. Should you be caught out in the open with a tornado approaching, do not try to outrun the storm. Find a low lying spot such as a ravine and crouch down with your arms over your head. Because tornadoes are so unpredictable, you are in much more danger if you try to outrun them. While tornadoes cause much damage in the areas where they hit, one good thing about tornadoes is that the area they damage is relatively small. If you take a few safety precautions, you have the best chance of making it through a dangerous tornado. Resources and Further Reading The Weather Watchers Library: Tornadoes by Dean GalianoTornado Alert! By Wendy Scavuzzo   Edited by Tiffany Means

Arguments for Capital Punishment - 852 Words

Capital punishment is the death penalty .Capital Punishment is the lawful infliction of death as a punishment and since ancient times it has been used for a wide variety of offences. As real justice requires people to suffer for their wrong doing, and to suffer in a way appropriate for the crime. Each criminal should get what their crime deserves and in the ease of a murderer what their crime deserves is death. Capital punishment permanently removes the worst criminals from society and should prove much safer for the rest of us than long term or permanent incarceration. It is self-evident that dead criminals cannot commit any further crimes, either with prison or after escaping or after being released fromit.The crime of rape ,torture ,treason,kidnapping, murder, larceny , and perjury pivot on a moral code that escapes apodictic (indisputably true) proof by expert testimony or otherwise. But communities would plunge into anarchy if they could not act on moral assumptions less certain than that the sun will rise in the east and set in the west . Capital punishment is often justified with the argument that by executing convicted murderers, we will deter would-be murderers from killing people.Deterrence is most effective when the punishment happens soon after crime-to make an analogy, a child learns not to put their finger in the fire ,because the consequence is quick pain. As evidenced by Singapore’s low crime rate ,simply having capital punishment for the criminals. So itShow MoreRelatedThe Capital Punishment Arguments888 Words   |  4 PagesDEATH PENALTY ARGUMENTS Introduction to the Issue Capital punishment is one of the most controversial issues in contemporary American criminal justice administration because it consists of the purposeful taking of the life of another. On one hand, killing for any reason besides the absolute necessity of self-defense violates the moral principles upon which modern society is built. On the other hand, there are criminals whose conduct (including the wanton murder of others) justifies suspensionRead MoreArgument For Capital Punishment889 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussing whether the death penalty is wrong. I will be arguing in favor of capital punishment and will be presenting several arguments to back up my position. First, an understanding of what the death penalty is and why it is used currently needs to be established. The death penalty has been around almost as long as humans have. It is a form of punishment that is a deterrent for other criminals. Also, capital punishment is a way to prevent the criminal being put to death from c ommitting any furtherRead MoreThe Argument Of Capital Punishment1922 Words   |  8 PagesThe Argument of Capital Punishment There not many issues in the criminal justice system that have caused more heated discussions and arguments as consistent and strong as that of the argument of capital punishment. Capital punishment (death penalty) is one of the most critical issue that has strong defenders and opponents. This kind of punishment is the most severe form in the U.S. todays and it has different type which lethal injectionRead MoreThe Arguments Surrounding Capital Punishment907 Words   |  4 PagesTheory of Retribution The arguments surrounding capital punishment have focused primarily on its ability to provide general deterrence. Instead of focusing on a purely utilitarian aspect of capital punishment, it may be useful to analyze the death penalty through a morality perspective. The idea of retribution often carries a negative connotation because of its equivocation with the concept of revenge. While they may externally seem similar, they are far from analogous when analyzing the underlyingRead MoreArgument for Capital Punishment Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesArgument for Capital Punishment If it were up to me, every murderer in this country would be put behind bars on death row and have their life taken from them just as they took the life of another. The guidelines of an eye for an eye go back thousands of years. Many countries still hold true to these guidelines. Although America doesnt follow the same as these countries, I believe when it comes to murder, they should. Putting people to death for committing murder makes other potentialRead MoreTruman Capote Arguments On Capital Punishment811 Words   |  4 PagesTruman Capote’s Argument on Capital Punishment In Truman Capote’s Novel, In Cold Blood, Capote synthesises the writing techniques of a reporter and an author to tell the horrific and true story of the Clutter family murders. Capote uses comparison, selection of detail, and understatement to pose his argument that capital punishment is not a correct practice. Upon murdering the Clutter family, Perry Smith and Richard â€Å"Dick† Hickock are housed in a jail as they await their trial, which would bestowRead MoreRogerian Argument: Capital Punishment Essay641 Words   |  3 Pageshave been passionately debating the subject of the capital punishment, which has only served to create more divisions within our society. It is an extremely sensitive subject, and one that inspires strong emotions in both directions. Like abortion, gun laws, and the war on terrorism, capital punishment is an issue on which everyone is never likely to agree. If we examine some arguments presented from both sides, opponents of the capital punishment claim that executing someone is nothing more thanRead MoreArgument Against Capital Punishment Essay1096 Words   |  5 Pageshappiness—that is unless youre on death row. In modern day America we are still faced with the antiquated ritual of capital punishment, a practice that interferes directly with the law of the land. The same forms of punishment used during the middle ages are still in effect today, the same ideas that should have been abolished had the U.S. government revised its penology. Capital punishment is cruel as well as unusual and inadequate for our advanced society. The United States is known world wide as aRead More Argument for The Abolishment of Capital Punishment GCSE1179 Words   |  5 Pageslife be worth more than another?s? Would you like to have your dignity, and even your basic human rights to stripped away from you at the flick of a switch or the pull of a tri gger? What is the point in Capital punishment when it doesnt even deter crime? A study into the effect of Capital Punishment said, the presence of the death penalty in law and practice has no discernible effect as a deterrent to murder. How does this serve as a deterrent to crime? It offers the convict an easy way out withRead MoreComparing Two Arguments on Capital Punishment Essay890 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Two Arguments on Capital Punishment In these two short essays, one by Anthony G. Amsterdam and another by Ernest Van Den Haag both authors make two very important views. Although one supports capital punishment and one is against capital punishment, both authors have good reasons to support their case. Amsterdam believes that capital punishment is a brutal process that a murderer has to go through. Amsterdam believes that the murderer should be punished for their actions, but

Contract and Demand Free Essays

This is a case of a sales firm which operates for 203 days in a year. Each day the firm operates, it generates revenue (profit) of Rs. 10 Lac. We will write a custom essay sample on Contract and Demand or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the beginning of the year, the employees’ union confronts the management of the sales firm over wages and the union presents its demand. The management either accepts this, or rejects it and returns the next day with a counteroffer for wage to be paid to the employees. The firm can open and start functioning only after an agreement on wage is reached between the management and the union. As per the prevailing law in the state and the industry, it is the union’s turn to present its demand on the first day/round of negotiation. At this point the management may either accept or reject the demand made by the union and wait till the next (second day of the year) day to come with its offer. Where again the union has the choice to either accept or reject the offer made by the management and go on to the next (third day of the year) day to make their demand to management. The rounds of negotiation may go on and on till the last day unless an agreement is reached between the parties over wage. x 5 = 20 (Please indicate the demand and offer in Rupee value and indicate the pay off for both union and management as [a, b] where a = union’s pay off and b = management’s pay off) a. What would be the union’s wage demand on the 1st day/round of wage negotiation between management and union, and in case management accepts it what would be the managementâ₠¬â„¢s pay off from such negotiation? b. Who would make an offer or place a demand on the 4th day/round of wage negotiation? What would be the offer / demand? What would be the pay off of each party (union and management) in case the offer / demand made is accepted by the other party? . Who would make an offer or place a demand on the 200th day/round of wage negotiation? What would be the offer / demand? What would be the pay off of each party (union and management) in case the offer / demand made is accepted by the other party? d. Who would make an offer or place a demand on the 203rd day/round of wage negotiation? What would be the offer / demand? What would be the pay off of each party (union and management) in case the offer / demand made is accepted by the other party? Name- SID- SMS ID- Centre Name- How to cite Contract and Demand, Essay examples

Project Finance

Question: Case study on Project Finance. Answer: Project Finance Project finance refers to the financing of infrastructural construction and industrial projects on a long term basis. The funding of the projects is based on the financial structure of limited recourse. The cash flow obtained fr4om the object is then used to repay the debt that was used to fund the project. The reasons why public-private partnerships (ppp) are common in project finance. Public-private partnerships are common in project finance because of the benefits that come with such partnership. In most cases, the projects are huge and can take several years to be completed. The projects always require financing that runs into billions of dollars. Considering the sizes of the projects and the amount of financial funding that is involved, most of the projects are owned jointly. Public and private partnership, therefore, tends to be common in the financing of such projects. The two partners consult each other in their control of the project. The joint ownership has the following advantages: Joint ownership allows for sharing of risk between the partners. The public and private partners would be able to share risks that may be associated with the project finance. It is always very tricky if a risk arises when the sponsors of project finance have pledged that they would guarantee the completion of a project. The partnership would reduce the cost involved. The two partnerships would jointly raise the total amount of money needed to alleviate the risk. According to (Puentes, 2016, pg. 41), Joint partnership of sponsors also allows sharing of ideas and knowledge. The exchange of ideas generates new skills that may be of great benefit in the financing and development of the project. Financial skills, as well as operational skills, can all be shared between the sponsors. The project may be so massive that it cannot be funded by a single private company or a single public institution. It is, therefore, necessary for the sponsors to join hands together and raise the needed amount of money. The partnership would enable the sponsors to raise the needed amount of money without any problem. A project site may also be immense such that a single sponsor may be unable to marshal the managerial capacity that is required. The partnership would hence enable the sponsors to share the managerial task. They would then be able to manage the project with ease. Greater commitment is likely to attract project lenders to release money with ease. The partnership between a public and a private sponsor is an evidence of significant commitment. (Fhwa, 2012, pg. 15), confirms that development of some projects may demand that the sponsors lease some of their assets. Lesser partners may not have enough assets that can be leased. However, sponsorship partners drawn from the public and the private sectors would obviously have the capacity of owning several assets of huge value. They would hence not face any problem when it comes to the leasing of some of their property. The task of project finance demands specialization of the highest order. There must be an availability of financial experts as well as technical experts. The lending firm would first assess the level of experts in place to judge the expected projects productive capacity. A sponsor would require engineers, financial consultants, accountants, lawyers, auditors and environmentalists among other experts. Such experts can only be withdrawn from the public sector in collaboration with the industry. Public-private partnership in project finance, therefore, makes it quite easy to access such experts and at reasonable costs. Risks Related to Public-Private Partnerships There is the need for identification of risks that may be associated with a project throughout its life to have a successful project. The identified risks must then be evaluated and managed well. A public urgency must address all the obstacles that may hinder the project from being successful. An available opportunity must also be used effectively to improve success. Public-Private Partnership in itself is a way of risk management. There are several risks that are associated with public-private partnerships. (Fhwa, 2012, pg 34), states that, most of the risks can be used to assess that the loan borrower can also be exposed to too. However, project finance is more prone to the risks. The case of project finance arises because the borrower doesnt possess assets that can be used as security. The lender will hence incur high losses if the borrower defaults to repay the loan. Lenders must, therefore, be very conservative when carrying out their calculations. The case will not be the same if the loan is secured because the associated risks would have been minimized. The recoverable resource is an example of the risks. The lender has to find out whether the amount of the resources can adequately cover all the commitments if the prices of the resources fall. However, the lender may seek revenue guarantee from the government authority if the development project is to the public for example infrastructure and generation of electricity. The other risks are as follows: Political will According to (Puentes, 2016, pg. 37), senior government officials must offer their support from the government must provide their support for the project for it to be successful. Such support must come from both the executive wing of the government and the legislative wing too. Lack of government commitment may lead to the withdrawal of the private partners from the implementation of a project. An agreement may be reached between the government and the private partner, but some government officials may simply block the allocation of funds meant to finance a project. The project may eventually be canceled. Such cancellation of projects arising from non-commitment from the government may make private partners shy away from partnering with the government again. Regulatory risks (Nettler, 2016), states that, regulatory risks arise when inappropriate project framework has been put in place. The government and the private partners should come up with clear regulations that are meant to govern the development of the project right from the beginning to the end. The government should not come up with restrictions of any kind once regulations have been agreed and put in place. Any further restrictions may be judged as non-commitment. Site Risk Several risks may arise from the site where the project is to be developed. The suitability of the place may prove to be a major challenge. The presence of archeological remains and unfavorable geological conditions may prevent the implementation of the project. The poor relationship between the government and the residents may also cause problems. The residents may become hostile towards the implementation of the project. Community relationship must, therefore, be taken into consideration before the implementation of any project in a given area. Successful Factors in Public-Private Partnership Selection of politically smart projects (Xhang, 2016), states that, it is important to understand the existing political environment before choosing a project. Despite the fact that the public would retain ownership of the project, the private partners also have control over the project. The partners should, therefore, come up with a project that would be supported by the majority of the political stakeholders. Such support would facilitate successful implementation of the project. The lenders would also be willing to allocate financial resources for the development of the project. Understanding the needs of the Private Sector The public partner should come up with projects that are in the interest of the private sector. The sector would never enter into a partnership to develop a project that they consider a threat to the public. Transparent procurement process Project finance involves an enormous amount of money. It, therefore, involves competitive procurement procedures. (Puentes, 2016, pg 22), confirms that transparency should be upheld during the entire process. Issues of corruption in during the acquisition process may lead to an abandonment of the whole project. The procurement process is a sensitive stage and should be carried out with maximum care to ensure the success of the project. Reference list GAO, 2014. Bank Capital Reforms: Initial effects of Basel on Capital, Credit and International Reforms. United States Government Accountancy Office Apra, 2012.Regulation Impact Statement: Implementing Basel III Capital Reforms in Australia. Basel Committee Fecility Barker, 2015. The Reserve Bank Application of the Basel III Requirement for Banks. Australian Reserve Bank Kevin Davis and Mark Lawrence, 2015. Australian Banking. Monash University Press iCreate, 2016. Basel III. Basel III Committee, 2016. World Finance on Basel III. Patrick Sabol and R. Puentes, 2016. Private Public Capital Good. Brookings Education Jonathan Nettler, 2016. 6 Risks of Public-Private Partnership.

Branch Rickey, Pioneer of Sports free essay sample

With the behind-the-scenes ark of Rickety and the spectacular on-field play of Robinson the two were successful in their venture. Branch Rickety began his career in major league baseball as a catcher but only for two seasons. After his short playing career, Rickety coached college baseball and graduated from law school at the University of Michigan. Rickety then became an assistant for the SST. Louis Browns in 1 913 and later moved to field manager for both the SST. Louis Browns and Cardinals. As time passed Rickety realized his skill was with the business side of baseball and was hired as general manager of the Cardinals.In SST. Louis, he had created a team that won numerous pennants, a few World Series championships, and had developed some of the best players in the game through their many minor league franchises. Rickety was an innovator to the game and realized the need for a great farm system. We will write a custom essay sample on Branch Rickey, Pioneer of Sports or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Cardinals had such success in developing players that they were able to not only stack their team with talent, but they could afford to trade or sell numerous other prospects for a profit. Rickety had been so successful with the Cardinal organization that many people found his departure from SST.Louis surprising. Branch Rickety became the general manager of the Brooklyn Dodger organization in 1942 after 25 years as head of the SST. Louis Cardinals. When he joined the Dodgers, Rickety immediately began creating a farm system like he had in SST. Louis in order to build a winning franchise. He also had another idea, one that he had been thinking about for a while but was unable to do in SST. Louis: sign black players. Branch Rickety had many reasons to want to sign black players. The one mentioned first by most observers was publicity.Signing a black player would rate headlines all over the country and possibly draw huge crowds to see the Dodgers play. Another reason is that black players were an untapped resource of the league. Since no other team was interested in signing them, he could get the best players from the Negro Leagues and create a great team. Obviously some were good enough to play professional baseball, no matter what the critics said, and they wanted to play in the majors. The opportunity was there for the Dodgers to create a great team.The final motivation is the one that Rickety maintains, and I believe, was the reason for he great experiment: l couldnt face my God much longer knowing that His black creatures are held separate and distinct from His white creatures in the game that has given me all own. (Textile 48). Rickety maintained strong religious beliefs and would not attend baseball games on Sundays. He portrayed himself as an honest and righteous man, but some pointed out that he would bend the rules to help his organization. Rickety claims his motivation to integrate baseball stems from 1 904 when he coached baseball for Ohio Wesleyan University.Charlie Thomas, a black first baseman for the team, was forced to sleep on a cot in Rockerys room at the hotel as if he were a servant because the hotel did not allow blacks. In the middle of the night Rickety woke up to hear Charlie crying and rubbing his skin praying to be white. Many, even Rickety on one occasion, claim that he did not integrate baseball for this reason but to make his team win. Although I believe much of his reason was to win baseball games, I also believe that in order to integrate baseball at that time, with as much planning as he did, a greater motivation also must exist.

BMW showroom Essays

BMW showroom Essays BMW showroom Essay BMW showroom Essay As Co-op sells many different products from groceries to toiletries it could be a reason to why they are a co-operative company. As Co-op main objective is to help communities from selling products at relatively low price compared to other retail outlets in other nearby areas like the city-centre. Marketing strategy mainly done through feedback from customers on many different questions. It may be how well their shop is set out, product prices, customer services and also any ides for future developments. They may also gain feedback from their own staff to see if the managers have any good ideas or if they have any complaints on the way the shop is run. Again this is a key activity, as even any business would rely on sales and good marketing strategy to raise profits. This is a very important and key element for business success and to escape bankruptcy. CUSTOMER SERVICES The activities of the co-operative group range from food to finance and provide buying, marketing, distribution and services to other co-operative societies. At all Co-op stores they have a section for customer service point to help prevent angry customers or return any UN-wanted goods. They also have other ways to increase their revenue by offering home insurance, guarantee on much merchandise and the Internet banking system. FINANCE This may include wages of employees, waste, profit and even loses. It is very important for a business to regularly check all their financial information to see how well they are performing and to see if they financially stable. The Co-op waste will be controlled to how, much they lose in the business. The profit and loss is looked at on a daily basis outlook-involving supervisor to see how well the department is doing and to think of new ideas to increase profits. There could be an incident which a wine department is not to subsidised productivity levels because of too much staff so the supervisor would look into that try sort out the problem even if it means to make workers redundant. TRANSPORT Distribution and home delivery are too of the most common activities involved with Co-op. The distribution of the big articulate lorries that have the big Co-op log, home delivery that supermarkets have all become involved in and personal banking. These activities will help bring more customers to the shop on a weekly basis as they offer more than the usual service. So the customers might now decide to come more frequently because they may be involved in personal banking. So variety of services offered will yet again optimise profits. AGRICULTURE This is very important activity for the Co-operative because activities for any supermarket include selling products such as fruit and vegetables. So Co-op relies on their members that are the farmers. As shops try to offer more variety to customers it would not be a good image if the shop had limited types of vegetables. There many different laws and acts that play a part in business activity as consumer protection has great powers over traders. FISHING- there involvement here will be because it relies on other sources for fresh fish.  FORESTRY- they may rely on farmers to give them plants and flowers  MINING COAL- this may be coal that is sold in supermarkets. This type of activity is indirectly involved with Co-op, as their activity is to sell products and services. But the products they sell do come from such agriculture firms so its important and the Co-op would rely on the business to bring certain needed products. So all three of these play a part in the Co-op activity. As the Co-op is quite small and if customers visit the store and see half the shelves empty it wont help customers from shopping there again. As variety would give the buyer more choice it would be important activity to include agricultur. MANUFACTURING This includes the equipment they use for products in store. As they will need shelf stack material, cleaning equipment. As the store is not very big it usually has everything delivered to store. So much manufacturing will take place out of the store. EMPLOYMENT STAFF MEETINGS As in any retail business its important to have human resources in this day and age. As running a business of this scale and ownership it would be easier to employ workers. Employment inside the shop will be tackled by a personnel manager and take care of this activity. Terms and conditions by law state workers must be trained so it would be the managers job to look into this and give if needed training. This may also be the rights of the employee including your holiday dates, sick pay, over-time. This as any other type of agreement needs to be signed by the employee and even the employer. This agreement has to be signed as contract for ale it would be working pretences. A regular activity for different managers, individuals giving and gaining feed back. In a meeting they would discuss mission statement for each sector and also talk about new and up rising development. It would be the managers job to structure and carry out meetings for each department, managers and employees. COMMUNITY EVENTS CHARITY SPONSORSHIP Participating in this activity would give the company a good name around the area they are in if they sponsor or have raised money for local charities. One of the most common fundraisers taken part annually by the Evington road shop is Children In Need. As they raised much money for the good cause. Participation in activities would unable a monopoly for the company as people would recognise the good deeds the Co-op has done and there is a good chance of the public visiting there stores. So these activities would be common but it wouldnt be tackled on a daily or weekly basis but would be done depending on what cause it is for. ENVIROMENTAL MANAGEMENT As charities and fundraisers are a good way to boost company figures and name environmental issues have the same effects if tackled right. But this is not necessarily true as it may enhance image in short term but it may also increase profits long term so its important to be involved in this as it would have short and long term affects.  In this section I will analyse the key factors to why location managers choose to locate their business in a particular area. I have broken the location facts into different sub-headings, as this would give a better insight to why location is chosen. BMW For BMW Ive chosen to look at a Leicester showroom, as it would help demonstrate and assess the reasons why BMW have situated them in that area.  INFRASTRUCTURE  As from observing the map it shows the showroom is located near busy motorway links reaching from Nottingham to south London. The area situated has much car drivers who will be consistently driving up and down the motorway and may spot the showroom. So the situated area is directly to the customers that it is trying to attract and by visiting the located area personally it is evident that the showroom is very big and can be seen for quite some distance. The location is easy accessible for customers who may want to visit the showroom and also being near the city centre it would not be very hard to find. It also allocated on the main road so passers-by would be able to see the showroom and cars on display. As its the only BMW showroom in Leicester it would not be very hard to find as not only being very big, or near major motorway links it is located near the city centre so there would be easy to find the showroom location. So the infrastructure around the location has played a part on deciding whereabouts would be good to locate the showroom and has tackled many of the major difficulties on easy accessibility and customer range. GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS As the location is near the city centre it would not be far reach from most communities who may live near the city centre district. It would be in reach of city centre so people may decide to go have a look at the showroom before they head home. The area around the showroom has mostly retail parks attracting more customers into that area. This would also give monopoly to BMW, as other showrooms are not situated near that particular area. So this would not bring much rivalry for BMW minimising cost for frequent advertising and anything else that would help them keep above rivals in that located area. This would keep costs at a minimal because the less need frequent advertising and cut prices to keep above rivals so financially it would help keep the capital high. COST OF SITE The cost of the site would be fairly high as the location is near city centre but would not be as high. This location here is more well suited to attract customers, easy accessible for all customers as this is the only BMW showroom in Leicester. So this may have been a factor of placing the showroom in this area. The actual running cost of the showroom including gas, water electricity will be less expensive than plotting the showroom in the city centre. That would help keep running cost low and help spend money in other areas like refurbishment. If BMW ever decide to extend the showroom the price would differ than in the city centre. LABOUR This would not be a very important factor, as not many people need to be employed so this would not play an important factor for location. But the few workers who may need to come to work would not find it to hard as the area is accessible by frequent buses who run by that route to city centre. So there many means of transport that passes and comes by the location. PREMISIS Planning permission would not be a problem for the BMW showroom as the location is away from big public societies and housing but more importantly from city centre. The location advisor may of thought of the location to their advantage as they would not have much problems to extend in the near future if needed. That is another reason to why businesses always think of the future as well as the present as this would help the companys success rate.

Analysis of Claude Levi Strauss's Books Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of Claude Levi Strauss's Books - Essay Example According to Levi-Strauss, â€Å"Heterogeneous beliefs and customs have been arbitrarily collected together under the heading of totemism.† There were many scholars who became supporters of totemism when they tried to decode the secrets of evolution. Levi-Strauss supported the anti-totemic school together with other anthropologists such as Goldenweiser and Boas. They believed that totemism was just a social historical reality. He concluded that totemism is just an exercise in logic of the savage mind. It is not the start of vast accomplishment of savage ancestors to form the first unit of social organization. In the book, Levi-Strauss also compared the Bricoleur and Engineer.. Bricoleur comes from the French verb bricoler which originally meant extraneous movements in ball games, hunting, gun firing, but now referred to repairing things by one’s self. The Engineer was referred by Levi-Strauss as the proper craftsman. According to Levi-Strauss, there is a difference betw een the two. Engineer sees things in its entirety and gathers all things needed in building or creating its masterpiece. On the other hand, a Bricoleur utilizes what materials are existing and finds new ways to create a masterpiece. The engineer uses a â€Å"scientific mind† while a bricoleur exercises a â€Å"savage mind†. ... Bricoleur, is closed to whatever is imposed by the state of civilization. Thus, according to Levi-Strauss, engineers works by concept while bricoleur works with signs. Signs incorporate certain amount of culture into reality while concepts tries to be transparent to reality. This view shows how Levi-Strauss discussed the world between technology and metaphysics. Thus talking about the engineer being able to utilize the available practical knowledge exhibited by the bricoleur, technology therefore was a tangible expression of metaphysics. The two don’t have a big difference but is interconnected. The Savage Mind focused on the division of world during the 1960s. It showed how the scholars had a hard time deciphering a specific formula of how the world works. With what the book has discussed, the world is torn between technology and metaphysics. Scholars also have different views such that others support in totemism while other are support the anti-totemic school such as the aut hor Levi-Strauss. The Tristes Tropiques Claude Levi-Strauss The Tristes Tropiques book by Levi-Strauss provided a very wide exploration of the relationship of human beings and the environment. This book focused in Levi-Strauss’ research in Brazil which discussed sociology, religion, education, as well as urban development. Being an anthropologist, he has shown his feelings, fears and the possible criticisms in this book. On the first part of his book, he showed his talent in writing and him being a good social scientist. He also discussed urban development in Part Three of his book that can be of great reference and influence to architects and urban planners. Being an anthropologist, Levi-Strauss has the responsibility to write his views and opinions. Writing about the

BIG DATA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

BIG DATA - Essay Example IBM on the other hand has invested 24 billion dollars in data analytics and through a company called Watson has employed about 15000 analytical practitioners to handle data collection and analysis. This data is used to analyze the market and improve their business. Another example on the use of data analytics in business is the BMW motor company whereby a survey conducted showed that people who were getting into cars were always having their windows broken in winter as a result of ice accumulation. In order to improve the customer confidence in their product, the company took it upon itself to wash the parked cars and give them back to the customers whenever they wanted to leave. In this way, the customer confidence in BMW improved. Facebook uses data analytics to conduct surveys and improve their business and the quality of service they offer to their customers. Recently, Facebook conducted a survey asking the question of which gender between males and females spends more time shari ng photographs on Facebook and the data collected showed that women spend more time sharing photographs than men. About 350 million photographs were shared daily on Facebook. For one to become a data scientist he must have data handling skills such as programming, databases creation and analysis, mathematical modeling, statistical analysis and above all he must be creative. If we analyze the trend on the use of big data by big companies, it is evident that companies are hesitant in investing in big data. About 55-60% of the investments in big data fail. This can be attributed to the fact that the companies start on technology first rather than understanding of the understanding of the fundamentals of the business. Today, there is a very high demand for data in business performance and market analysis and hence the need for companies to invest in big data. However, a major setback in handling big data is the shortage of data scientists to work in this field.

Business Models for High Tech Products Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Business Models for High Tech Products - Essay Example This ensured that the advertisement did not interfere with the client’s search results. Furthermore Google’s paid advertisements were clearly identifiable given a sponsored tag placed with them unlike other search engines where paid and unpaid advertisements were placed together. The use of an uncluttered scheme to represent the advertisement ensured that Google’s advertisement scheme gained more prominence than other similar schemes. Moreover Google’s advertisements were placed based on the client’s fiscal provision as well as based on the advertisement’s popularity (based on links and back links to the advertisement). The customer could easily figure out the advertisement and pay as much as they wanted for it offering unrivalled ease. Similarly the later affiliate marketing campaign by Google was similar in its simplicity, ease of use and credibility. These chief exponents have been used by Google to generate new business trends over and ov er again. Google’s example reflects that ethical business decision making pays in the longer run and it also serves to show that the people at the helm of affairs have a direct impact on critical business decision making. Future Course of Action Google is already supporting a strong business model that is based largely on ethical practices which are otherwise uncommon in contemporary online search engines. Another thing that makes Google far more powerful is the relevance of the advertisements placed by Google based on the search terms used by the client. Though the exact algorithm or the combination of algorithms is as yet unknown to most people and developers, but it is obvious that it works. It is time that Google expands based on its current market standing and reputation into newer global markets. Google is not only capable of such expansion but possesses certain advantages in comparison to other large giants such as MSN, Yahoo and Facebook. One of the tools that will pr opel Google in the future is its Translate feature that is well capable of performing searches in native languages though it has not yet been implemented. When it comes to emerging markets such as India and Brazil, no one is a clear winner as yet largely because clients are forced to seek answers to searches in English which is not a native language. It is time that Google banked on its power as a â€Å"mighty crawler† and took over the global search scenario along with the indigenous English search scenario. Once Google can dominate its search market internationally, it has all the more chance of providing advertisements in native languages and this in turn will mean all the more revenue for Google. Moreover performance has shown that Google’s algorithm is far more powerful than those of Facebook or Yahoo when it comes to placing advertisements with relevance. Google should bank on its search capabilities as a primary tool while developing smaller business concerns su ch as Talk, Translate, Gmail and the like. Symbian Trends to Date Symbian has represented an overwhelming influence in the global telecommunications market especially in terms of handsets manufactured by a number of manufacturers such as Nokia, Motorola, BenQ, LG and Samsung. For some time in the early years, Symbian could be seen as the de facto industrial standard for manufacturing telecommunication operating systems. However Symbian has effectively lost its lead when it comes to the contemporary handset market

Heterocycles: Types and Biosynthesis

Heterocycles: Types and Biosynthesis Heterocycles1 are one of the major classes of organic compounds. They are cyclic compounds containing one or more heteroatom (oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur etc.). These compounds are of biological and industrial importance. Many materials that are essential to life include a heterocyclic moiety; examples of these are: amino acids, nucleic acids, pigments, vitamins, antibiotics and many more. Heterocycles are part of our everyday life and are present in: drugs, dyes, pesticides and plastics.2, 3 Most common heterocycles are five or six membered ring; examples of these are pyridine, pyrrole, furan and thiophene (Figure 1). It is also possible to find two or more of them fused together to give even more complex structures.4 Figure 1: Common heterocyclic structures Many heterocyclic compounds are biosynthesised by plants and animals and hence have biological activity. These include as the haem group in the blood, and the chlorophylls ,essential for photosynthesis, both of these are essential to life.5 Examples of heterocycles used in the pharmaceutical industry include the pyridine based anti-AIDS-virus drug Nevirapine6, or the vasodilator Nicorandil for the treatment of angina (Figure 2).7 Figure 2: Example of heterocyclic drugs Pyrimidines are an important class of heterocycles that are essential to life and biologically and pharmacologically active. Cytosine, thiamine, uracil, adenine, guanine are the nitrogen bases that are present in both DNA and RNA (Figure 3); derivatives of these have been used to form the core of drug molecules, due to their ability to selectively interact with the human body.3, 7 Figure 3: Pyrimidines 2. Synthesis of heterocycles There are various traditional pathways leading to high yielding heterocyclic synthesis. Two of the most common are: Fischer-indole1, 8 synthesis and a Hantzsch synthesis to obtain the pyridines. Fisher-indole synthesis (Scheme 1) has been the most important method for the preparation of substituted indoles. It involves the formation of an imine 1.3 from a hydrazine 1.1 and a ketone 1.2. This will then tautomerise to give a enamine 1.4 that will subsequently undergo a [3,3] Cope rearrangement and form a di-imine 1.5, that will then aromatise. The aromatised amine 1.6 will undergo further intramolecular cyclisation to give the indoline 1.7 which will also aromatise to give the second ring system of the indole 1.8.4, 7 Scheme 1: Fischer-indole synthesis of indoles The Hantzsch1, 8 synthesis (Scheme 2), is a three component reaction, which firstly involves an aldol condensation of a diketone 2.1 with acetone 2.2. This is then followed by a conjugate addition of another equivalent of a diketone 2.1 to give a tetraketone 2.4. By adding ammonia it will lead to the formation of an imine and enamine component 2.5, which will subsequently react with sodium nitrate and acetic acid to aromatise to give pyridine 2.6.9 Scheme 2: Hantzsch synthesis of pyridines These two synthetical techniques have been greatly utilised however they have their downsides; which range from the need for high temperatures, large amounts of stoichiometric reagents, as well as the poor accessibility of the starting materials. This has therefore driven research for the discovery of new methodologies for an efficient route for the synthesis of heterocycles and their derivatives. A wide range of new heterocyclic synthetic routes using metal cross coupling reactions have arisen in particular utilising palladium as catalyst10, examples which are considered in the section below. 2.1. Synthesis of indole heterocycles using catalysis A palladium catalysed Fisher indole synthesis has been discovered by Wagaw et. al.. It involves the cross coupling of an aryl bromide and a hydrazone. This palladium catalysed reaction has proven to be very versatile in respect to the functionality of both the reagents used. The addition of the p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate hydrolyses imine 3.3 therefore liberating the hydrazine which will subsequently react with a ketone to give a hydrazone. This will then undergo standard Fischer-indole process to produce 3.4 (Scheme 3).11 Scheme 3: Palladium catalysed Fischer-indole synthesis 2.1.1. Palladium catalysed reactions Palladium catalysed reactions have been regularly used in both academic and industrial synthetic chemistry laboratories as an important method for the formation of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. These have been heavily applied in the synthesis of pharmaceutically and biologically important molecules.1, 12 Many palladium catalysed reactions go through a similar catalytic cycle. The catalytic species can be formed in situ by using a palladium source such as Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 or Pd(OAc)2 with the addition of an appropriate ligand. By choosing the correct ligand this can improve two steps in the catalytic cycle; oxidative addition and reductive elimination.13 A common feature of these catalytic process (Scheme 4) is the formation of aryl/alkyl Pd(II) intermediates which will then be functionalised to form C-C or C-Heteroatom bonds that are cleaved off from the metal centre.14 Most of the Pd catalysed reactions undergo the same basic catalytic cycle involving; oxidative addition, transmetallation and reductive elimination. Scheme 4: Palladium catalytic cycle 2.1.2. Palladium catalysed cross coupling reactions Below in Table 1 are described some of the most common palladium catalysed reactions.15-18 Table 1: Palladium catalysed reactions Name of Reaction Suzuki Stille Negishi Hiyama Sonogashira Heck Buckwald-Hartwig Catalyst Pd(0) Pd(0) Pd(0) Pd(0) Pd(0), Cu(I) Pd(0) Pd(0) Base Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Reagent 1 Reagent 2 R= EWG (eg. NO2, CN, COOR) Product 3. Recent examples of heterocyclic synthesis There are various recent examples of interesting heterocycles synthesis. Large amounts of research covering aspects of C-H activation, atom economy improvements and efficiency with the use of different solvents has been carried out to improve the conditions of the synthesis. An interesting class of heterocyclic moiety is pyrimidines due to their desirable biological activity. Over recent years the pyrimidine system (Figure 4) has been shown to be an important pharmacophore.19 Figure 4: Pyrimidine moiety Pyrimidines are very prevalent in nature; they are the precursors for the nucleoside bases of both DNA and RNA (Figure 3) and are also found in many more natural products such as vitamins and antibiotics. Examples, of this class of heterocycles, are shown below in Figure 5.19 Figure 5: Natural products containing pyrimidine moiety As a result of this long-lasting interest in the pyrimidine moiety as well as in its derivatives in the use as potential drug targets, the synthesis of this heterocyclic ring has been expansively researched.15 Good yielding strategies have been developed primarily on the basis of nitrogen-carbon-nitrogen condensation reactions. An example of this is the Pinner addition (Scheme 5) of guanidines 5.2 and amidine salts to 1,3-diketones 5.1 or their derivatives.20 Scheme 5: Pinner addition for the synthesis of pyrimidines 3.1. Synthesis of ÃŽ ²-Enaminones: an entry into pyrimidines Gayon et. al.21 have demonstrated highly stereoselective synthesis of ÃŽ ²-enaminones via based catalysed rearrangement of propargylic hydroxylamines. ÃŽ ²-Enaminones are versatile compounds that have been used for their pharmacological activity, as building blocks for natural product synthesis and heterocyclic synthesis. The initial discovery showed that propargylic hydroxylamine 6.1 underwent rearrangement to give the Cbz-protected enaminone 6.2 as a single (Z) diastereomer (Scheme 6) which could then be used for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds such as pyrimidines. Scheme 6: Base catalysed rearrangement reaction to afford ÃŽ ²-enaminones The reaction mechanism (Scheme 7) starts from the deprotonated aminol 7.2 that is easily formed; this is due to the association of the hydroxyl anions present in solution with the propargylic hydroxylamine 7.1. With the deprotonation takes place at the propargylic position an imine 7.3 is formed this is also because of the elimination of hydroxyl anions which are triggered by the deprotonation itself. Hydroxyl anions add to the imine which will eventually for the allenol 7.4. This can then undergo keto-enol tautomerisation to produce the deprotonated enaminone 7.5. The last step involves proton exchange between another molecule of propargylic hydroxylamine 7.1 and the anionic deprotonated enaminone 7.5 to give the product and another molecule of aminol 7.6. Scheme 7: Mechanism for rearrangement These enaminones proved to be an interesting building block for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds such as pyrimidines. The presence of a nucleophilic nitrogen atom, a double bond and an electrophilic carbonyl provided an different cyclocondensation process to simple Pinner addition on the basis of the addition of an electrophile/nucleophile partner; such as a carboxamide. Scheme 8: Propargylic hydroxylamine to pyrimidines The presence of the nitrogen atom on the enaminone 6.2 is advantageous for an alternative synthetic route for the synthesis of functionalised pyrimidines (Scheme 8) from readily commercially available and inexpensive carboxamides that can give easier access to pyrimidines. 3.2. Synthesis of Pyrazine Heterocycles and their Derivatives Pyridazines have been considered one of the ‘most drugable’ heteroaromatic rings for medicinal purposes.22 Its analogues have proved to be good starting points for developing drugs for various molecular targets and have demonstrated biological activity in many key areas such as obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory pain and many more.22 Abed et al. have recently elaborated a synthesis of novel fused pyridazines by carrying out a diaza-Wittig reaction on 1,3-diketones (Scheme 9).20 Scheme 9: Synthesis of pyrazine heterocycles The work was divided in two parts; the first was the development of a convenient strategy to obtain versatile pyridazines containing an ester group at position 6 as a point of divergence. The latter steps involved the synthesis of pyridazines 9.4 with a ketone group at position 6. Towards this aim, different methods of cyclization techniques were applied which led to the formation of previously not known biheterocyclic compounds. This novel methodology provided an attractive synthesis for fused pyridazines derivatives (9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8).20 The synthesis of functionalised pyridazines 10.4 (Scheme 10) proceeded via a diaza-Wittig reaction (10.3 to 10.4, step b.) affording a convenient and safer method for the synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles. Scheme 10: Synthesis of pyridazines 3.3. Direct imine acylation for heterocyclic synthesis Much attention has been focussed on the synthesis of diverse heterocyclic structure to advance the discovery of novel lead compounds for pharmaceutical discovery. A particularly useful approach is the formation of N-acyliminium ions from the acylation of imines with acid halides and anhydrides. This is a well-known reaction but very little work has previously been carried out to show the full potential of these ring closure reactions.23 Unsworth et. al. has provided a neat ring closing reaction (Scheme 11) by using propylphosphonic acid anhydride 11.3 (T3P) and NEt(iPr)2 for the coupling of aliphatic acids 11.2 (containing oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur nucleophiles) to imines 11.1. This will generate N-acyliminium ions 11.4 that can easily be trapped intramolecularly by the nucleophilic substituents that are present on the aliphatic acid fragment to form 11.5. Scheme 11: Ring closing reaction for heterocyclic synthesis This methodology has been used by Unsworth for the synthesis of the natural product evodiamine (Figure 6).24 Figure 6: Synthesis of evodiamine 4. Domino reactions A process that involves two or more bond-forming transformations that can take place under the same reaction conditions without additional reagents and/or catalysts, are considered to be domino/tandem reaction.25 In the past decades, synthesis of heterocyclic compounds through new domino reactions has attracted many researches and is still an expanding area.26 The idea of building simple and complex heterocycles starting from very easy and reasonable building blocks using a ‘single pot’ reaction with consecutive transformation taking place, is an attractive tool for synthetic chemists, especially if the synthesis can be used to create multiple stereogenic centres.26, 27 This ‘one pot’ strategy has many advantages; reduction of solvent, waste production, reaction time and atom economy28, all of which are important for developing a more sustainable chemistry. One single reaction can potentially convert an inexpensive material to a highly complex, biologically active heterocyclic molecule.26, 29 For many years the research groups of Valotti and Arcadi have focussed their interests in developing a new synthetic route for the construction of nitrogen-containing heterocycles starting from alkyne derivatives.30 They have focused most of their attention on the synthesis of nitrogen containing heterocycles by the condensation of ketoalkynes with ammonia.30 Examples of these are shown below in Scheme 12 and show the 5-exo-dig cyclisation reactions of 4-pentynones 12.1 to synthesise polysubstituted and joined pyrrole derivatives 12.2, Ketoalkyne moiety 12.5 in an aromatic framework would allow a 6-endo-dig cyclisation of 5-acetyl-4-alkynylthiazoles 12.6 and 2-acyl-3-alkynylindoles 12.7 to pyrido[3,4-c]thiazole and pyrido[3,4-b]indoles 12.8.31, 32 Scheme 12: Synthesis of pyrrole, pyridine and indole nitrogen containing heterocycles Another example of a tandem reaction for heterocyclic synthesis is the intermolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones for the formation of cyclic isooxazolidines ( Scheme 13). For example an interesting method has been developed for the generation of the cyclic isooxazolidines frameworks by using cheap and accessible starting material, such as Amaryllicaceae alkaloids, through a 1,2-prototropic shift of oximes. Scheme 13: Tandem reaction for cyclic isooxazolidines Wildman observed that the reaction of 6-hydroxybuphandidrine with hydroxylamine produced a cycloadduct; the reaction occurs by the formation of an intermediate oxime that then undergoes a subsequent 1,2-prototropic shift to give the nitrile oxide that then undergoes an intramolecular [1,3]-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. 5. Indoles In both nature and drug discovery, a common nitrogen containing heterocycle is indole and its derivatives. These naturally occurring molecules are present in a range of compounds (Figure 7) such as amino acids (tryptophan) and hormones (melatonin) and many others.33 Figure 7: Naturally occurring indoles As indoles are structural components of a large number of biologically active natural compounds, their synthesis and functionalization has been heavily researched, and is a crucial step in the preparation of many pharmaceutical compounds.33 Below, in Figure 8, are a couple of examples of indole containing pharmaceuticals and their applications; Sumatripan used for the treatment of migraine and Arbidol as an antiviral drug.34 Figure 8: Indole containing pharmaceutical compounds Another potential application for indoles is the possible use of indole derived nitrones as spin traps which can be employed as free radical probes for the identification of radicals in chemical and biological systems.35, 36 The pyrroline based 5,5-dimethyl-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) followed by the 5-carbamoyl-5-methyl-l-pyrroline N-oxide (AMPO) have often been used as nitrene spin traps in the past years (Figure 9).37 The use of spin trapping has gained attention in the recent years and it is currently being used in the investigation of reactive intermediates in the areas of fuel cell research, nanotechnology, catalysis, environmental remediation and photodynamic therapy using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).38 Figure 9: DMPO and AMPO spin traps The main disadvantages with many spin trap nitrones, for example DMPO, is the formation of secondary EPR signals; caused by the formation of other radical species caused by the instability by hydrolysis, decomposition and various other side reactions.37 Also, the slow reactivity of the superoxide radical anion to the nitrones and the short half-life of the spin adducts together, with slow rate of passive diffusion through the cell membran decreases their application in the human body as O2. – probes, unless further modifications can be carried out.38 Variants of the DMPO that contain indole moieties are 1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-isoindole-N-oxide (TMINO) and 1,1-dimethyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-isoindole-N-oxide(3-TF-TMINO) (Figure 10) which offer more stability to the oxygen radical adduct.37 Figure 10: Novel spin trap nitrones 6. Isoindolinone and Isoindoline Novel structures related to indoles such as isoindoline and isoindolinone compounds (Figure 11) are still relatively unexplored and have only begun to be explored over the past few years. Figure 11: Isoindoline and Isoindolinone Both of these structures have attracted a large amount of attention as pharmacophores due to their potential physiological and chemotherapeutic activity. These bicyclic models moieties have found a large importance as intermediates in the synthesis of various dugs and natural products.39 The more stable isoindolinones in particular demonstrate fascinting biological properties40, 41 as part of biologically active natural products such as magallanesine as well as drug candidates such as pagoclone shown in Figure 12.42 Figure 12: Isoindolinones as drug candidates The biological activity of isoindolinones has been utilised for the preparation of drugs for treatments in a wide range of diseases (Figure 13) such as: diabetes treatment, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, antipsychotic agents, for the modulation of dopamine D receptor, inhibitors of amyloid protein aggregation for the treatment of Alzheimer, selective antagonist of Essential Thromobocythemia (ET) diseases related to the heart and the lungs, melanocortin subtype-4-receptor in the targeting of weight disorder and sexual dysfunction43 and as antileukemic agents.42, 44-46 Figure 13: Isoindolines as drug candidates There have been several methods employed traditionally for the synthesis of these compounds based on use of a wide range of transformation, such as Diels-Alder, Grignard reagents, reductions, Wittig reactions and photochemical reactions. An example of one of them follows in Scheme 14. Scheme 14: One pot synthesis of isoindolinones The traditional routes are usually complex and have proved to be very unsatisfactory due to the low yields and the expensive starting material.39 Most approaches do not provide a large compatibility with many functional groups and suffer from a lack of generality.38, 42 New approaches have arisen in the past decades involving palladium chemistry and lithiation procedure for the synthesis of substituted isoindolinones that have proved to be easier to handle. An example of this is shown below (Scheme 15).47 Scheme 15: Lithiation and substitution

Frankenstein :: essays research papers

How do people change in times of crisis and tragedy? In the novel â€Å"Frankenstein† by Mary Shelley, Victor learns a lesson in thinking before acting. Before creating the monster, he only cares about his studies and is relatively happy. After his creation, his studies become his phobia and his creation (which, while constructing him, used to be his love) became his tormentor. In the end, he learns his lesson and stops himself before committing the same mistake again. In creating life, one learns to live life a little wiser.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  IN the beginning, Victor has a happy and almost carefree life. His home seems a place â€Å"†¦from which care and pain seemed for ever banished† (36). With a family such as his, no burdens seem to exist on his back. He has an entertaining mother, a father as a teacher, affection demanding brothers, and a gentle Elizabeth. He simply has no concerns. When Catherine (on her deathbed) joined the hands of Elizabeth and Victor saying, â€Å"†¦my firmest hopes of future happiness were placed on the prospect of you union† (37), it shows that Victor’s love life is also worry-free. Allowing him to further pursue his primary love, his studies. In stating, â€Å"I ardently desired the acquisition of knowledge† (40), Victor shows that his first priority is his studies. Even in leaving all he has ever known (family and friends), he only wants learn. Before creating life, his world is dandy†¦ with only the amount of knowledge he acquire s being his worry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Furthermore, after his creation breathes its first breath, Victor already despises it, which leads to his health’s deterioration and hatred of his previous love. His love quickly changes to despise when he says, â€Å"I had worked hard for nearly two years, for the sole purpose of infusing life into an inanimate body. For this I had deprived myself of rest and health. I had desired it with an ardor that far exceeded moderation; but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart† (53). His statement shows how his heart does a complete 1800 and stops loving the monster the moment it lives. When Victor’s â€Å"†¦heart palpitated in the sickness of fear†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (54), it proves how his monster tormented his creator without having to be near him. Which also leads to the teaching of the lesson â€Å"think before you act†.

“How does Shakespeare present Macbeth as a disturbed character in Act 1 of Macbeth?” Essay

â€Å"How does Shakespeare present Macbeth as a disturbed character in Act 1 of Macbeth?† William Shakespeare wrote the play â€Å"Macbeth† in 1606. It, as the title suggests, follows the story of a Scotsman named Macbeth and how, after the prophecy of three witches, sees his status evolve from a general in the Kings army to becoming the King himself. However the main theme that Shakespeare introduces in this play is the lengths man will go to fulfil ambition and the treacherous consequences that come with it. Not only do we see Macbeth’s status evolve but also his personality within. With each scene we see Macbeth succumb to the pressures of achieving power and how this affects his character as well. Act 1 of â€Å"Macbeth† truly, from the beginning, shows us a clear development of Macbeth’s disturbed personality not only through language but the context behind this tragedy. In Act 1 Scene 2 we are not introduced to Macbeth, but not directly. Shakespeare describes him as a ruthless, violent but brave soldier through the mouths of admirers. When the Thane Ross and a Captain describe Macbeth’s â€Å"brave† performance during a victory over Norway, we are immediately acquainted to the respect that he is held in. The Captain describes him in a very positive manner, â€Å"For brave Macbeth – well he deserves that name† is a quote that clearly emphasises the admiration that fellow soldiers have for Macbeth. The use of the word â€Å"deserves† shows us that he has earned the right to be commended. However another interpretation of Macbeth’s heroics is possibly his ruthlessness. During his distinguishing, Macbeth is also described as quite a violent person. His fierceness is made apparent when the Captain conveys a very vivid explanation of how Macbeth killed a Norwegian, â€Å"Till he unseam’d him from the nave to the chaps†. This description is very daunting to think about and Shakespeare leaves this image implanted in the heads of the audience. The use of the word â€Å"unseam’d† shows us Macbeth’s ruthlessness when in battle, with possibly no respect for other’s lives. The violent aspect of Macbeth’s character can be interpreted a disturbed one. His ruthlessness is quite inhumane in the sense that he shows signs of a villainous character. Another way in which Macbeth is seen a disturbed character, is his association and connection with the three witches. When Macbeth and Banquo are introduced in Scene 3, Macbeth’s first line is â€Å"So foul and fair a day I have not seen†. This quote echoes the witches’ in Scene 1, â€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair†. The phrase is almost a paradox, it can interpreted to show how nothing is as it seems. However the fact that Macbeth repeated a phrase said by witches all but adds to a negative insight into his character. During Shakespeare’s time, witches were seen as very real creatures. In the early 17th century, suspected witches were burnt and there was even an Act of Parliament put forward in 1604 against them. This was because witches were subjects of morbid and fevered fascination by society at this time; people feared them. They were seen as creatures of Satan and therefore evil characters. The use of the three witches in the play adds to the fear within it and with this, the use of Macbeth echoing their words adds to the sheer disturbance. During this time, Macbeth’s reference to â€Å"foul and fair† would have caused a negative impact on the way the audience looked at him. To be associated with repelled evil witches creates a dark atmosphere and tone throughout the play. After the witches’ prophecy, Macbeth’s mind is beginning to turn into a state of madness and paranoia due his constant change in thoughts. The ideas that roam Macbeth’s head prove to be a substantial part of the Act. The prophecy, which promises the status of King in the future, has been fixed into Macbeth’s mind, provoking ill thoughts. After bearing witness to the supernatural occurrence, Macbeth begins to contemplate the idea of kill the present King Duncan in order to become King. â€Å"This supernatural soliciting/Cannot be ill, cannot be good† is a quote that clearly shows us the mindset that Macbeth is in confusion. The use of the words â€Å"ill† and â€Å"good† makes it clear that he is between the two thoughts and his mind isn’t thinking straight however he comes to a conclusion that he shouldn’t intervene to make the prophecy become true. However Macbeth again contemplates the idea later on in Scene 4. After realising that Malcolm, Duncan’s Son, is the rightful heir to the throne, Macbeth is again mystified to whether he should intervene in fate. â€Å"The eye wink at the hand; yet let that be/Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see† illustrates his desire for power but reluctance to commit murder, â€Å"the eye fears†. The theme of hesitation and constant contemplation of Macbeth is a sign of confusion within his mind. This is a sign of a disturbed character. Another way in which Macbeth can be seen in a negative way is through his motives and if they are with foundation especially through eyes of the audience who witnessed â€Å"Macbeth† in William Shakespeare’s time. This includes the idea of treason and how power was a God given right. In Scene 7 we find that Macbeth is considering whether killing Duncan is the right act to commit due to the high respect that the King holds him in. When talking in his soliloquy (something that Shakespeare uses to shows the audience the thoughts and true feelings of characters) Macbeth talks about his respect for Duncan, â€Å"I am his kinsman and his subject†, this supports the fact that he is also related to Duncan and a trusted figure. However his mindset is yet again changed as he finally decides that murder is the best option, â€Å"Fal se face must hide what the false heart doth know† is a signal of his change of mind but, with that, his personality. The idea of Macbeth committing murder on a King would have been frowned upon when the audience of the 17th century watched â€Å"Macbeth†. Political connotations such as the Gunpowder Plot 0f 1605 was possibly used by Shakespeare to relate to Macbeth and the idea of killing Kings. â€Å"Macbeth† was possibly used as a caution against potential regicides, especially with the patron of Shakespeare’s productions being the King James. Also religious connotations, such as the idea that the status of King was a God given right, played a significant part. Macbeth is aspiring to achieve a status that isn’t a God given thing, especially at this time the theme of treason was heavily frowned upon. The idea of Macbeth wanting to achieve Kingship without God given rights would have added to his disturbing character. There are other examples that show Macbeth’s disturbed character. One other factor could be his irrational thinking and the way that Lady Macbeth must always intervene to make him think right. Near the end of Scene 7, Macbeth tell his wife that he will not commit the murder, â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business†, is a firm claim from Macbeth. His tone is one that is very decisive however after the persuasive techniques of Lady Macbeth he quickly changes his mind. â€Å"I am settled, and bend up/ each corporal agent to this terrible feat† is said at the end of the scene, showing Macbeth’s sudden change in mind and sheer willingness to kill King Duncan. Macbeth doesn’t think straight and can be seen as having a fragile mind, one that can be easily moulded. Overall, Shakespeare successfully shows the audience how Macbeth develops his disturbed character. By using language features and also the views of certain themes of the audience of the time, he introduces a very irrational character. These themes include violence, religion, politics and the idea that man’s desire for power outweighs any respect for the consequences. Macbeth slowly develops from a violent person to someone who is very fragile in the mind and also, essentially, a disturbed character.

Working With Native Americans in a Social Work Setting essays

Working With Native Americans in a Social Work Setting essays Certain aspects of Native American cultures may affect the process and outcome of Native Americans who seek out assistance from social workers. The values and norms inherent in many Native American cultures often present unique circumstances when individuals from those cultures deal with the dominant culture. There are at least 550 different Native American tribes in the United States, and within those tribes are unique and distinct cultural variables to assess. Because all of those tribes combined are broadly defined as Native Americans, and for the purposes and scope of this paper, the information discussed is in reference to those hundreds of tribes as one set of cultures commonly referred to by the dominant culture as American Indians or Native Americans. As with most cultures, the Native American culture has its own set of values (different tribes have their own specific and independent set of standards which can vary greatly in certain aspects ). American middle -class and American Indian cultural values differ in major areas . How individuals in these two groups view mans relationship with nature, relations with people and time are actually opposite. According to Giordano, McGoldrick and Pearce (1982), Middle -class Americans attach value in having control over the environment/nature while Native Americans value being in harmony with nature. Native Americans are more concerned with the group rather than the individual, whereas middle-class Americans value the individual. In regards to time orientation, Native Americans view daily life as situated in the present, past and then future; middle-class Americans view it future, present , past. There are about 2.3 million Native Americans in the United States, accounting for just 0.9 percent of all Americans (Russell, 1996). The National Census reported in 1990 that nearly half of natives living on reservations were living below the standards con...

Death Penalty Essay

Death Penalty Essay Death Penalty Essay Stephanny Viana ENG 111-C2 Death Penalty 7/4/11 The death penalty has been a very controversial topic for quite some time. Many oppose it; however, many are for it. There have always been problems with the death penalty system, and are becoming more evident. â€Å"California was spending about $100 million a year on death penalty cases as of 2008 in state post-trial costs alone.† (Jost 2010 Pg.8) Also, many capital defendants are still receiving inadequate representation at trial and that many or even most death row inmates have little if any legal help in challenging their convictions or sentences afterward. (Jost 2010 pg.9) Capital punishment is cruel and unusual punishment and it is unconstitutional. Opponents of the death penalty say prosecutors may be seeking the death penalty less often because of the costs of a capital trial, sentencing and post-conviction proceedings. Not only are the prosecutors worried but the Jurors are too. The process of an actual death penalty is unreasonably expensive and adds $51 million an nually. (Jost 2010 pg.9) Many also worry about executing an innocent person. (Jost 2010 pg.1) Housing inmates on death row also costs $90,000 more per inmate per year than imprisonment in a maximum security facility. (Jost 2010 pg.9) In a study published in fall 2009, North Carolina alone could save nearly $11 million a year by abolishing capital punishment. (Jost 2010 pg.15) If all states would consider abolishing this inhumane punishment, the United States could save billions and invest in better safety, hire more police officers, and possibly remove these criminals off the streets. Programs that clearly benefit safety of society are being cut because of the budget crisis, but death penalty expenditures continue to rise. It is said to be one of the most expensive state programs, and it produces no measurable gain in public safety. The average police budget had to be cut, states are letting prisoners go early, curtailing ambulance services and closing schools. Cities like New York and Washington have been enormously successful in cutting murder rates without death penalty through programs like community policing and new technologies that focus on high-crime areas. They can execute perhaps one person per year at a cost of $10 million, or use the same money to hire 200 police officers. Over 99 percent of murders do not result in an execution. Those cases that do end in a death sentence are often overturned and frequently end in a life sentence. (Jost 2010 pg.22) These delays that create these preposterous costs are affected by the delays that lead to an actual execution. The Death Penalty Information Center claims that 119 people have been â€Å"released from death rows with evidence of their innocence† since 1973. The center calls these releases â€Å"exonerations† and counts 36 such cases just since 2000. (Jost 2005 pg.2) The reason for this revelation is due to the fact that innocent people were convicted and sentenced to death and in some cases came close to being executed. Many have thought of reducing the costs by removing moratoriums on the executions, however, investigations by Northwestern University journalism students and Chicago Tribune reporters were convinced that the state’s system from sending people to death row was â€Å"fraught with error.†(Jost 2005 pg.8) The Supreme Court became somewhat more receptive to death row inmates’ pleas by setting aside death sentences for mentally retarded, juvenile offenders, and in some individual cases because of racial discrimination, trials errors or inadequate legal representation. (Jost 2005 pg.13) The many errors made in court and the lack of moratoriums in certain cases helped improve today’s system. (Liebman pg.13) For example, In a Pennsylvania case, the court somewhat strengthened the requirement that defense lawyers investigate defendants’ background for evidence that could possibly prove their innocence. Also, In a Missouri case, the court ruled that the

Critically discuss the dichotomy implicit in the term 'impartial Essay

Critically discuss the dichotomy implicit in the term 'impartial advice' when referring to travel information provided by go - Essay Example The objective of this essay is to show the impact of the partial and impartial advice on travelling and travel patterns. The paper shed light of the reason why biases exist in the issuing of advice and travel information and the remedy to the same. Government advisories seem to target the first time travellers and families. They seem vulnerable and excited and may fail to take full precautions when they travel the tourist destinations around the world. There are other groups that depend on the travel services for business and commercial purposes, management and administration (Unger 1983). These groups are driven by strategy and ambition. These later groups become affected by unnecessary travels bans and alerts. The companies seek to avoid corporate risks. Travel related advises seem to indicate that it does not apply all the time. Governments have a tendency to be precautionary (Prentice 1992). Research shows that most of the governments do not invest a lot getting the resources nec essary to issue travel advisories exclusively. It rare to get a government department that deals exclusively of research and collection of data on travel advisories. Tonny Ridley argues that small countries have no dedicated travel advisory services. This is as a result of lack of commercial experience (Tyrrel 1984). Partial travel advice is issued when the government wants to achieve a certain purpose. Most of such advice is predicated on government interests. It could be a form of censorship or omissions. This is in comparison to the business or commercial sector (Pothman 1978). The government is often accused of not seeing the commercial aspect of travel bans and advisories. Security departments are swift to issue travel advice, which could hurt the economy in the long run. Most travel agencies are said to be biased. They tend to be partial toward airlines and other travel products and services. Therefore, their travel advice is often treated with suspicion. Agencies are biased t owards travel service vendors. They list their favourite airlines first for other reasons other than the professional reasons (Tyrrel 1984). In the United States of America, the federal government was forced to respond to complaints that touched on these biases and partial attitude. The federal government adopted regulations that would limit them from intentionally biasing flights in favour of airlines (Ross 1992). Nongovernmental airlines are known to give professional and impartial advice on air travel. They tend to focus on the economic aspect more than the air travel politics. An air traveller should get advice from as a variety of sources if possible. Consumer lives under the fear of getting biased travel advice. The move by the federal government did not restore the consumer confidence in the travel industry and advice (Pothman 1978). The only way the consumer is assured of getting unbiased and impartial advice is when they go to the agencies directly. Online travel agencies a re increasingly focusing on profitability (Unger 1983). They are in the process of developing software that likes them to CSR. There is growing concern they might favour airlines that offer the agencies high commissions. Travel agencies are legally allowed to be partial while displaying so as to favour their most profitable choices. In the United States of America, this is including the CSR owned travel agencies. This can happen at the expense of the agencies are cheap and professional in terms

3rd Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

3rd Report - Assignment Example It is for this reason, among others, that journalists are victimized, harassed, assaulted, imprisoned, and even killed. The categories of journalists who are greatly affected are foreign journalist. This essay will highlight these challenges, by giving an investigative report of two jailed foreign journalists, Laura Ling and Euna Lee. It will examine their work prior to their arrest, their arrest and trial, their sentencing, and the interventions that led to their release. Finally, it will give a conclusion. Euna Lee and Laura Ling are journalists living and working in the United States. Euna Lee is an American of Korean descent while Laura Ling is a Chinese American. They are both journalists at a Television station, Current TV, based in California. Current TV, which broadcasts from San Francisco was co-founded Al Gore who is a former vice-president of the US. Ling works as the station’s news editor, while Lee is the news editor. In the year 2009, the duo began work on a documentary whose intention was to highlight the plight of North Koreans attempting to run away from the dictator government in Pyongyang, North Korea’s capital, into China across the Tumen River (Human Rights Watch, 69). This was the genesis of their troubles with the isolated communist country. The investigative work of Lee and Ling took the duo to China, a longtime ally and cross border neighbor of North Korea but whose laws were a bit friendly to foreign journalists. China was thus a strategic country to launch investigations from. This is mostly so because it shares a border with North Korea which refugees use to cross over. Lee and Ling would thus be able to launch their investigations about human trafficking and the issue of refugees, and tell the story to the world through their documentary. However, they had to conduct all their operations within the borders of China. Otherwise, they would be arrested and

Refocusing Sales Efforts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Refocusing Sales Efforts - Essay Example The more time that they can dedicate to that end, the more business we will generate. It would benefit the company if the sales staff limited their efforts to sales only. We are a small company by design. This allows us to be more flexible and responsive to our customers and the economy. But just because we are small in numbers does not mean we need to be small in revenue. The individual accounts that we have make up a large percentage of the total number, but they are only a small fraction of the sales volume. Though our business accounts usually require discounting to get their business, our greatest source of revenue is the few large corporate accounts that we serve. I suggest we make a move away from actively seeking new individual accounts and concentrate on acquiring new corporate accounts. With business accounts, we can service more revenue with fewer people and with the sales staff dedicated to pursuing new customers, we would have the time to cultivate these more lucrative accounts. The poor economic conditions in the area make it difficult to make a profit. However, these conditions will be temporary and the downturn will end in time. We should use this slow period to go out and meet potential customers and be ready to pick them up as clients when the economy turns around.

Globalizing an Australian Wine Company Essay Example for Free

Globalizing an Australian Wine Company Essay The company’s strategic vision is to become the world’s first truly global wine company. As CEO and managing director of BRL Hardy Europe, Carson’s contribution and achievements had been significant with a 10 fold increase in sales volume, in a tenure spanning just seven years. He successfully turned around Hardy’s U. K. business by implementing cost cutting initiatives and ensuring strong systems, policies, and control. Millar, CEO and managing director at BRL Hardy followed a decentralized approach to management. He believed in delegation and adequately integrated culture and management style into the merged corporation. The U. K. market contributed significantly to BRL Hardy’s revenues and represented 40% of Australian wine exports. In U. K. , the fighting brands, namely, Stamps and Nottage Hill, were positioned at price points of 2. 99 and 3. 69 pounds respectively. As low price good quality wines, they accounted for 80% of the value and volume of the Hardy brand sales. As the image of these brands began to erode, Carson decided to relaunch them by relabeling and repositioning the wines. Carson insisted that sales performance in U. K. depended on efficient labeling that should not be completely dictated by the Australian management. Although management was skeptical about local control over branding, labeling, and pricing decisions, the move significantly boosted the fighting brands’ sales. As the fighting brands gradually moved up the price points, there was an opportunity for an entry level wine that could be priced lower than 4. 9 pounds. In line with the company’s vision of becoming an international wine company, Carson decided to tap non-Australian wine sources and develop a line of branded products that could utilize the company’s strong distribution channels. This strategy would provide vital scale economies, minimize harvest risk, capture rationalizing suppliers, and avoid currency-driven price variations. Carson propose d the brand D’istinto, an Italian venture with a Sicilian based winery. He wanted to develop a recognizable brand which was easy to buy and had global potential. The wine would be positioned to the average wine consumer and would help the company leverage distribution. The Australian headquarters believed that D’istinto would eat into the fighting brands’ share as they were positioned at almost similar price points. Carson’s earlier Chilean venture, Mapocho had proven troublesome and Millar was doubtful if the European unit could support another brand. While Millar recognized U. K. s strong performance and wanted to give Carson as much freedom as possible, the reality was that the Italian venture would stretch the tight human resources of the European unit and dilute focus from the overall corporate strategy. While the Italian venture was being proposed, the Australian headquarters had launched Banrock Station, an environmentally responsible product at a similar price point. Australian management believed that the brand had global po tential and had instructed areas to launch it appropriately. Miller, away from the frontline and external demands of the local customers, has to support Carson’s entrepreneurial experimentation and dynamism. However, the proposal to launch D’istinto should not be approved. It is imperative that the business strategy fit within the broader corporate strategy of the organization. Although Carson’s proposal represented strategic interests, it ran counter the corporate strategy of maximizing global efficiency. D’istinto’s launch would certainly come with financial implications and would also stretch the operating capabilities of the European unit. On the other hand, Banrock Station had already established itself in a few markets and a strong launch in Europe would only increase scale economies. D’istinto had an innovative strategy with catchy and attractive labeling and a distinct image capturing the Mediterranean lifestyle. This positioning would definitely appeal to the mature U. K. consumer and also to the U. K. retailers, who represented the majority of sales. However, there is no certainty that this strategy would prove equally successful globally. While D’istinto would provide short term results, it is important to understand the long term viability that Banrock Station offers. Global consumers are increasingly emerging into environmentally conscious populations that expect corporations to take responsibility of natural resources and the environment. Although through D’istinto, Carson aims to build a global brand, Banrock Station appears to be better positioned in a converging global market. In order to build a true global brand, Miller must establish consistency across organizational units and ensure that the vision is shared by all.

Attracting More Fans to College Games :: Proposal Essays

Attracting More Fans to College Games    Where are the fans? That is the most commonly asked question at a University football game. During the past few years at University football games, the university has been lacking with their football fans. How come nobody comes to the games? At most universities, football season is the largest season of the year. People spend hundreds of dollars on season tickets and go out of their way to attend the games. What can the university do to attract more fans to their games?    It all begins with SOS and SOS+. Those are the freshman orientations. Every freshman has been through it and knows what I am talking about. Many of the SOS and SOS+ leaders told the freshman during orientation that nobody goes to the football games instead, they go to the basketball games. As a freshman you want to do everything that you can to fit into the crowd. Of course if an older student tells you that it is not "cool" to go to a football game, then most likely you are not going to go. Freshman Lucy O'Kelley says, "I was scared to go to the football games after my SOS+ leader told me that nobody went to them. I thought I would be they only one sitting in the stands, so I did not attend the games this past season." If most of the freshman felt that way then that was about 900 possible fans that the SOS and SOS+ leaders scared away. They are supposed to be leaders of the university, but yet they are scaring the fans away.    The game day needs to be changed. If the games were held on Thursday nights instead of Saturday mornings that would improve the turn out of fans. Most people want to watch their favorite football teams such as Alabama and UT play Saturday instead of going to our university football game. Former university football player John Autry says, "There were some games when the university players paid more attention to what was going on in the Florida game." A lot of university students go home on the weekends, so they are not even here on Saturdays. Friday nights are out of the question because that is when everyone wants to watch his or her brother or sister play high school football. If the game started at 7:00 p.

Abusive Parents :: essays research papers

Researchers at the University of Toronto have taken important steps toward producing a profile of an abusive parent. Prof. Gary Walters and doctoral student Lynn Oldershaw of the Department of Psychology have developed a system to characterize parents who physically abuse their children. This could ultimately allow social service professionals to identify parents in child abuse. Over the last five years, Walters and Oldershaw, in collaboration with Darlene Hall of the West End Creche, have examined over 100 mothers and their three to six-year-old children who have been physically abused. In the laboratory, the mother and child spend 30 minutes in structured activities such as playing, eating and cleaning-up. The family interaction is video-taped and later analyzed. The researchers have developed a system which allows them to record the effectiveness of parenting skills. They are particularly interested in disciplinary strategies because abuse most commonly occurs when the parent wants the child to comply. "It's a question of trying to determine which type of parent produces which type of child or which type of child elicits which type of parental behaviour," explains Oldershaw. As a result of their work, Walters and Oldershaw have identified distinct categories of abusive parents and their children. 'Harsh/intrusive' mothers are excessively harsh and constantly badger their child to behave. Despite the fact that these mothers humiliate and disapprove of their child, there are times when they hug, kiss or speak to them warmly. This type of mothering produces an aggressive, disobedient child. A 'covert/hostile' mother shows no positive feelings towards her child. She makes blatant attacks on the child's self-worth and denies him affection or attention. For his part, the child tries to engage his mother's attention and win her approval. An 'emotionally detached' mother has very little involvement with her child. She appears depressed and uninterested in the child's activities. The child of this type of mother displays no characteristics which set him apart from other children. In order to put together a parenting profile, the two researchers examine the mother/child interaction and their perception and feelings. For instance, Walters and Oldershaw take into account the mother's sense of herself as a parent and her impression of her child. The researchers also try to determine the child's perception of himself or herself and of the parent. Abusive parents are often believed to have inadequate parenting skills and are referred to

Bell v. Florida

The defendant, Mr. Gary Paul Bell, was charged and convicted with the crime of attempted kidnapping. At the trial, his victim, through her testimonies, claimed that the defendant exhibited attempted kidnapping in two counts to wit: (1) When the victim was walking along the street during daytime, the defendant drove up to her and offered to give her a ride to her destination, twice; (2) When the defendant forced the victim to get into the van by grabbing her around the neck and holding a gun to her head[1].The victim, who was able to break free from Mr. Bell, ran into traffic and tried to get the help of others in escaping the defendant. The defendant, on the other hand, remained standing nearby with his gun pointing towards his victim, threatening to shoot her. When the victim reached her house she called the police.The officer attending the case noted that the victim was in state of hysteria. The victim was found very upset and could not speak. Likewise, it was also noted that the v ictim was only made to give a statement after a series of attempts of making her relay the incident, which lasted for fifteen to twenty minutes[2].The testimonies given by the victim and the attending officer were admitted in the court as evidence on the basis of hearsay rules and exceptions. The defendant, appeals on the court’s decision on his conviction on the basis of contrive or misrepresentation and that the testimony of the attending officer on the accounts of the crime of the victim should be excluded as hearsay.Issue:Â  The issue is whether the testimony given by the attending officer regarding the accounts of the victim on the crime of attempted kidnapping should be excluded as hearsay.[1]Cases Relating to Chapter 12, 747.